考博英語外刊選讀丨?Working Too Hard Could Be Harmful to You

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本期主題

Working Too Hard Could Be Harmful to You

題材：工作類

出處：Inc. (美國商業(yè)報刊)

字數(shù)：515 words

外刊選讀

[1] A lot of media attention over the years has focused on the harmful effects of working long hours. The tragic fate of a woman in Japan who died last year of overwork--a phenomenon known as “karoshi”, in Japanese--is just another high-profile example that has circulatedin the news.

【多年來，許多媒體關注的焦點都集中在長時間工作的有害影響上。去年，日本一名女性因過度勞累而死亡，這一現(xiàn)象在日語中被稱為“過勞死”——這只是新聞中流傳的另一個引人注目的例子。】

【重點詞匯】

high-profile /?ha? ?pr??fa?l/ adj. 引人注目的；經(jīng)常出鏡（或見報）的

circulate /?s??kj?le?t/ v. 傳播；流傳；（液體或氣體）環(huán)流，循環(huán)

[2]This is not unique to Japan: Logging excessive hours at work is ingrained in the work culture of the West, as well. From Bay Area startups to sprawling multinationals, the ethosat many companies is still centered around how many hours you can clock at work. There is a powerful assumption underlying this ethos too: That the more hours you put into your job, the more you’ll get out of it by way of recognition, compensation, and opportunities for advancement within the organization.

【這并不是日本獨有的現(xiàn)象：長時間工作在西方的工作文化中也根深蒂固。從舊金山灣區(qū)的初創(chuàng)公司到龐大的跨國公司，許多公司的理念仍然圍繞著你可以工作多少個小時。這種理念背后也有一個強有力的假設：你在工作中投入的時間越多，你就會從工作中獲得更多的認可、薪酬以及在組織內晉升的機會。】

【重點詞匯】

log /l?ɡ/ v. 記錄；行駛，行進（若干距離或時間）

ingrained /?n?ɡre?nd/adj.（習慣、態(tài)度等）根深蒂固的

startup /?stɑ?t?p/ n. 新創(chuàng)辦的小公司

sprawling /?spr??l??/ adj. 蔓延的

multinational /?m?lti?n??n?l/ n. 跨國公司；adj.跨國的

ethos /?i?θ?s/n. (某一團體或某類活動的)理念

assumption /??s?mp?n/ n. 假定，假設

recognition /?rek?ɡ?n??n/ n. 承認；認可；識別

compensation /?k?mpen?se??n/n.補償物；賠償

[3] A new study by a pair of business school professors in Europe challenge this assumption, however. From their analysis of nearly 52,000 people from 36 European countries, they concluded that it’s not just the number of hours you clock at the office, but how intensely you work during those hours, that affects your satisfaction at work and opportunities for advancement.

【然而，歐洲兩位商學院教授的一項新研究質疑了這一假設。他們對來自36個歐洲國家的近5.2萬人進行了分析，得出的結論是，影響你工作滿意度和晉升機會的不僅僅是你在辦公室工作的時間，還有你在這些時間里工作的強度。】

【重點詞匯】

challenge /?t??l?nd?/ v. 對……懷疑；拒絕接受；向（某人）挑戰(zhàn)n. 挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨任務

intensely /?n?tensli/adv.強烈地

【長難句分析】

From their analysis of nearly 52,000 people from 36 European countries, they concluded that it’s not just the number of hours you clock at the office, but how intensely you work during those hours, that affects your satisfaction at work and opportunities for advancement.

主句：they concluded that…

賓語從句：it’s not…but…that affects your satisfaction at work and satisfaction at work and opportunities for advancement. （it is+被強調部分+that+其他成分）

定語從句：you clock at the office（修飾前面的the number of hours）

表語從句：how intensely you work during those hours (承前省略了it’s)

[4] By comparing people in similar jobs and education levels, researchers found they were more likely to “suffer poorer wellbeing andinferior career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.”

【通過對工作和教育水平相近的人進行比較，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當他們長期高強度工作時，他們更有可能感受到更差的幸福感和更差的職業(yè)前景，包括滿足感、安全感和晉升?！?br/>
【重點詞匯】

wellbeing /?w?l?bi???/ n. 幸福

inferior /?n?f??ri?(r)/ adj. 較差的；次的

security /s??kj??r?ti/ n. 安全感；保安措施

promotion /pr??m???n/ n. 提拔；晉升

[5] Hans Frankort, a senior lecturer in strategy at Cass Business School and co-author of the report, told The Financial Timesthe research suggests the “career benefits of excessivework effort--longer hours or harder work than typicalin one’s occupation--may never materialize.”

【卡斯商學院（Cass Business School）戰(zhàn)略高級講師、該報告的合著者漢斯·弗蘭克特（Hans Frankort）告訴英國《金融時報》，這項研究表明，“過度工作帶來的職業(yè)利益——比職業(yè)中的工作時間更長或更辛苦——可能永遠不會實現(xiàn)?！薄?br/>
【重點詞匯】

excessive /?k?ses?v/ adj. 過分的；過度的

typical /?t?p?kl/ adj. 典型的，有代表性的

materialize /m??t??ri?la?z/ v. 實現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，成為現(xiàn)實

[6] Employers and government should try to reduce work intensity rather than try to control excessive hours, the authors concluded. “Employers and policymakers focus a lot on the latter, but compared with overtime, work intensity predicts much greater reductions in wellbeing and career-related outcomes,” Frankort told The Financial Times.

【作者總結道，雇主和政府應該盡量減少工作強度，而不是過度延長工作時間。弗蘭克特告訴英國《金融時報》：“雇主和決策者非常關注后者，但與加班相比，工作強度預示著幸福感和職業(yè)相關成果的下降幅度更大?！薄?br/>
【重點詞匯】

rather than 而不是

outcome/?a?tk?m/ n. 結果，效果

[7] For employees, there is a range of things they can do to ensure they’re working smarter, and not just harder. Beth Belle Cooper, a former content creator at Buffer, the social media scheduling app, suggests taking more breaks to refresh your mind and reset your attention span. She also recommends taking naps, which she says not only help to consolidatenew information in the brain, but also helps you avoid burnout.

【對于員工而言，他們可以做一系列事情來確保更好的工作效果，而不僅僅是更努力。社交媒體調度應用程序Buffer的前內容創(chuàng)作者貝絲·貝勒·庫珀建議，多休息一下，清醒一下頭腦，重置注意力范圍。她還建議小睡，她說，小睡不僅有助于鞏固大腦中的新信息，還可以幫助你避免倦怠?！?br/>
【重點詞匯】

a range of 一系列

refresh /r??fre?/ v. 使清爽，使精神振作

reset /?ri??set/ v. 調整，重新設置

consolidate/k?n?s?l?de?t/ v. 使加強，使鞏固

burnout /?b??na?t/n.筋疲力盡；過度勞累

[8] You might also consider completely unplugging from work more consistently, and for longer periods of time. This is what Sean McCabe and his small team of content creators does when they take a week-long sabbatical every seventh week.

【你也可以考慮更穩(wěn)定地、更長時間地完全脫離工作。這就是肖恩·麥凱布和他的內容創(chuàng)作者團隊在每七周休一周假時所做的事情?！?br/>
【重點詞匯】

unplug /?n?pl?ɡ/ v. 拔去……的電源插頭

sabbatical /s??b?t?kl/ n. (大學教師等的) 休假

[9]“Taking a seventh week off has just been revolutionary. It has changed everything for me. I cannot imagine my life without it...I have no idea how we used to work as hard as we did for six weeks and not stop, have no end in sight, no breaks, no checkpoints, no milestones, no steps back, and no chance to re-evaluate where we are and what we’re focusing on.”

【“第七周的休假是革命性的。它改變了我的一切。我無法想象沒有它的生活……我不知道我們過去是如何工作六周，而且不停下來，看不到盡頭，沒有休息，沒有考核，沒有成就，沒有復盤，也沒有機會重新評估我們現(xiàn)在的位置和我們正在關注的事情?！薄?br/>
【重點詞匯】

revolutionary/?rev??lu???n?ri/ adj.革命的

checkpoint /?t?ekp??nt/n.（邊防）檢查站；邊防關卡

milestone/?ma?lst??n/ n.轉折點；里程碑

step back 退一步（思考）

考博英語推薦其他英語外刊

《時代周刊》Times

《新聞周刊》Newsweek

《大西洋月刊》The Atlantic

《經(jīng)濟學人》The Economist

《國家地理》National Geographic

《紐約時報 》The New York Times

《科學美國人》Scientific American

《華盛頓郵報》The Wshington Post

《哈佛商業(yè)評論》Harvard Business Review

外刊閱讀需要一定量的積累，才有可能看到自己質的飛躍。一般來說，至少要精讀3個月以上才能看到明顯的進步，如果你還有一兩個月就考試了不建議讀外刊，去刷真題就好。