2022醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

在考博英語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)法貫穿考博英語(yǔ)考試。但在考試的時(shí)候，語(yǔ)法就成為了考生們極易失分的地方，所以今天小編為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容及方法。詳情如下：

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式:不定式，動(dòng)名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)。

1)不定式

時(shí)態(tài)\語(yǔ)態(tài)　　　 主動(dòng)　　　　　　被動(dòng)

一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done

完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done

2)動(dòng)名詞

時(shí)態(tài)\語(yǔ)態(tài)　　　 主動(dòng)　　　　　　被動(dòng)

一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done

完成式　　　　having done　　having been done

3)分詞

時(shí)態(tài)\語(yǔ)態(tài)　　　 主動(dòng)　　　　　　被動(dòng)

一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done

完成式　　　　having done　　having been done

否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 動(dòng)名詞，　not + 現(xiàn)在分詞

1)動(dòng)詞不定式——只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

decide, hope, learn, manage(打算), offer, prepare, agree, refuse, fail(未), pretend, happen(碰巧), promise, plan(打算，計(jì)劃)

a) 測(cè)試作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式帶補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)

這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動(dòng)詞有：find、think、consider、make等，基本句型是： v. + it + adj + to do

[例]Do you consider wise to ignore him

A. it is

B. it to be

C. it as being

D. it

b) 不定式在svoc句型中的應(yīng)用

解題的關(guān)鍵是記住帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：ask、tell、allow、enable、expect、get、require、request、cause、urge、want、force、order等。

[例]They don’t allow in the library, but they allow people in the restroom.

A. to smoketo smoke B. smokingsmoking C. to smokesmoking D. smokingto smoke

c) 不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法

(1)與其他非謂語(yǔ)形式或謂語(yǔ)形式的區(qū)別

[例]The question tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.

A. to be debated

B. debates

C. debating

D. debated

(2)介詞的使用

[例]The boy’s father bought him a large toy train .

A. which to play with B. to play with it C. to play with　D. at which to play

d) 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

不定式完成時(shí)表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是其動(dòng)作的承受者，be soory、be glad、seem或say、find、hear、report等動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后加不定式完成時(shí)態(tài)較為常見(jiàn)。

[例1]The new power station is reported within three years.

A. to have completed

B. to have been　completed

C. having been completed

D. to complete

[例2]Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.

A. to be given

B. to be giving C. to have given

D. having given

e) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)

[例1]The police inspector spoke to the little girl kindlt her.

A. not to frighten

B. in order to not frighten

C. so as not to frighten

D. so not as to frighten

[例2]He moved away from his parents, and missed　them_____ enjoy the exciting life in New York. A. too much to

B. enough to C. very much to

D. much so as to

2)動(dòng)名詞

a) 只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

miss, mind, enjoy, suggest, practise, persist, quit, admit, appreciate, deny, escape, complete, fulfil, acknowledge, favour, delay, postpone, finish, avoid, prevent, recall, recollect, risk, consider

b) 只能接動(dòng)名詞的一些常用句型\結(jié)構(gòu)： It’s no good/use/fun (in) doing sth

There is no need/point/use/sense (in) doing sth. be busy/be worth doing sth.

have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth

spend/waste time (in) doing sth can’t help doing sth

confess to, object to, be opposed to, look forward to, contribute to, be used to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, lead to, refer to, equal to, stick to, belong to, thanks to, be accustomed to doing sth

c) 既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的有：

① 接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)而意義差別不大的動(dòng)詞：love, like, dislike, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, propose, etc.

② 可跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)但意義有差別的動(dòng)詞：歧義動(dòng)詞中已講。

③ need, want, require, deserve + 動(dòng)名詞/+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)，表被動(dòng)意義。

The pencil needs sharpening.(to be sharpened)

[例1]Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy for her examination.

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. to be prepared

D. being prepared

[例2]I appreciate to your home.

A. to be invited

B. to have invited

C. having invited

D. being invited

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