?2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題及答案(三)

在自學考試中，英語二屬于公共課，是大多數(shù)自考專業(yè)必考課程，英語二的成績對于學士學位申請也有影響，所以拿下這門課對于自考生來說是非常重要的。小編整理了2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題及答案(三)，請看下文。

2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題(三)

If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人類學家） have some advice: Wear red.Their survey of four sports at the 2020 Olympic Games shows competitors were more    1   to win their contests    2    they wore red uniforms or red body armor.

"Across a    3   of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning," report Russell A．Hill and Robert A．Barton of the University of Durham in England.Their findings are in Thursday's    4   of the journal Nature.

Red is   5   with emotions.When people get    6   , their faces turn red.It’s also a reason why stop signs are red.

7   , the color’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents   8   athletic contests, especially when the athletes are    9   in skill and strength, the researchers suggest.

In their    10   , the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.

In those    11   , the athletes were randomly（隨機地） assigned   12   protective gear and other sportswear.Athletes    13    red gear won more often in 16 of 21 rounds of competition in all four events.

The effect was the same   14    weight classes, too: 19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.The red    15    might also come into play in team sports.

The anthropologists analyzed the Euro 2020 International Soccer Tournament,    16   which teams wore jerseys of different colors in different matches.They found that five teams      17   more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as    18   to blue or white jerseys.

Scientists don't exactly know how wearing red might give athletes a(n)    19   .But the color delivers hidden messages of vigor and   20   .

1．A．possible                B．probable

C．likely                     D．like

2．A．if                           B．a(chǎn)s

C．until                      D．unless

3．A．list                        B．range

C．bunch                   D．reach

4．A．issue                     B．report

C．magazine              D．story

5．A．regarded              B．treated

C．come                    D．a(chǎn)ssociated

6．A．a(chǎn)ngry                   B．pleased

C．depressed            D．sad

7．A．Naturally              B．Fortunately

C．Similarly               D．Strangely

8．A．on                         B．in

C．with                       D．to

9．A．match                    B．different

C．equal                      D．special

10．A．finding                 B．explanation

C．survey                  D．information

11．A．a(chǎn)ffairs                  B．events

C．incidents             D．matters

12．A．red                      B．blue

C．white                  D．colorful

13．A．pulling on           B．putting on

C．dressing              D．wearing

14．A．because of          B．instead of

C．regardless of       D．a(chǎn)s a result of

15．A．effect                  B．a(chǎn)ffect

C．result                   D．side

16．A．on                       B．for

C．in                          D．a(chǎn)bout

17．A．completed          B．scored

C．received              D．kept

18．A．fought                B．opposed

C．competed          D．beat

19．A．a(chǎn)chievement       B．chance

C．comfort               D．a(chǎn)dvantage

20．A．danger                B．pleasure

C．surprise               D．disappointment

Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney（腎）stone is not. The process is painful and can take a long time. But American researchers have found that a roller coaster ride just might help those suffering from a kidney stone. They say such rides help patients pass the stones with a 70 percent success rate.

David Wartinger led the study. He found that where the person sits on the roller coaster can make a big difference. He said, "In the pilot study, sitting in the last car of the roller coaster showed about a 64 percent success rate, while sitting in the first few cars only had a 16 percent success rate. "

When it comes to passing kidney stones, not all roller coasters are equal. The researchers used 174 kidney stones of different shapes, sizes and weights to see if each model worked on the same ride and on two other roller coasters. They found that Big Thunder Mountain was the only one that worked. The other two roller coasters both failed the test. Wartinger said the other rides were too fast and too violent. The movement forced the stones against the side of the kidney. He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.

It also mattered where the stones were located in the kidney. The researchers found that stones located in the upper part of the kidney model were passed 100 percent.

Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could really be used as an effective measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing. "You need to pay attention to the warnings before going on a roller coaster, " he said " If you have a kidney stone, but are otherwise healthy and meet the requirements of the ride, you can absolutely try it. "

He adds that it's definitely a lower cost alternative to other treatments. And riding a roller coaster is definitely more interesting!

31．What might passing kidney stones be like?

A．Uncomfortable.

B．Quick.

C．Enjoyable.

D．Exciting.

32．Roller coaster treatment works better ________.

A．when the person sits in the first car of a roller coaster.

B．when the stone is forced against the side of the kidney.

C．when the stone is located in the lower part of the kidney.

D．when the person rides rough and fast roller coasters with twists and turns.

33．What's probably the advantage of riding a roller coaster?

A．It can prevent the development of kidney stones.

B．It can help anyone besides those with kidney stones.

C．It can prevent danger because of its clear warning.

D．It can apply to everyone with kidney stones effectively.

34．What attitude does Wartinger have towards roller coasters for people having a kidney stone?

A．Concerned.

B．Disapproving.

C．Favorable.

D．Doubtful.

Can staying up late make you fat? A growing body of research has suggested that poor sleep quality is linked to an increased risk of obesity (肥胖癥). But a new study found that it’s not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep.The researchers discovered their findings in a very small worm, called C．elegans.

Study co-author David Raizen stressed that while these findings in worms may not translate directly to humans, C．elegans offers a good model for studying humans' sleep. Like all other animals that have nervous systems, they need sleep. But unlike humans, who have complex neural circuitry (神經(jīng)回路) and are difficult to study, a C．elegans has only 302 nerve cells，one of which scientists know for certain is a sleep regulator.

In humans, people who get fewer than six hours of sleep per night are more likely to be obese. Moreover, starvation in humans, fruit flies, and worms has been shown to affect sleep, indicating that it is regulated, at least in part, by nutrient availability. However, the way in which sleeping and eating work in tandem (協(xié)同地) has remained unclear.

The researchers genetically changed C．elegans to “turn off" a nerve cell that controls sleep. These worms could still eat, breathe, and reproduce, but they lost their ability to sleep.With this nerve cell turned off,the researchers saw a severe drop in ATP levels, which is the body's energy currency. “That suggests that sleep is an attempt to conserve energy; it's not actually causing the loss of energy,"Raizen explained.

The researchers knocked out the KIN-29 gene to create sleepless worms, and the mutant (突變的) C．elegans accumulated much fat. They assumed that the KIN-29 mutants did not sleep is because they were unable to release their fat.To test this guess, the researchers again controlled the KIN-29 mutant worms,this time expressing a chemical substance that freed their fat. With that operation,the worms were again able to sleep.

35．What did the new study focus on?

A．The risk of suffering obesity.

B．The way our body consumes energy.

C．The link between obesity and sleep loss.

D．The cause for poor sleep and obesity.

36．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Obesity.

B．Nutrition.

C．Starvation.

D．Sleep.

37．Why did the researchers turn off one nerve cell of the C．elegans?

A．To monitor its sleep quality.

B．To regulate the change of ATP.

C．To confirm the function of sleep.

D．To find out factors affecting energy conservation.

38．What might lead to obese people's sleeping problem according to the researchers?

A．That their body fat fails to be freed normally.

B．That their ATP level may be greatly raised.

C．That their brain signals for sleeping go wrong.

D．That their KIN-29 gene is knocked out quickly.

2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題(三)參考答案

1．C

2．A

3．B

4．A

5．D

6．A

7．C

8．B

9．C

10．C

11．B

12．A

13．D

14．C

15．A

16．C

17．B

18．B

19．D

20．A

【分析】

本文是說明文。文章介紹了體育比賽中穿紅色衣服獲勝的可能性更大。文章通過介紹英國人類學家所做的一些分析，說明了理由。

1．考查形容詞和介詞詞義辨析。句意：如果獲勝對您來說很重要，那么英國人類學家建議您: 穿紅色的衣服。他們對2004年奧運會上的四個運動項目進行了調(diào)查研究，結(jié)果表明穿紅色運動服或防護外套的運動員在比賽中獲勝的可能性更大。A. possible可能的；B. probable很可能的；C. likely很可能的；D. like像。根據(jù)上文“If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人類學家） have some advice: Wear red.”可知，英國人類學家建議穿紅色的衣服參加比賽，更可能贏得比賽。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”是固定短語。故選C。

2．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. if如果；B. as當……時候；C. until直到；D. unless除非。根據(jù)上文“If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人類學家） have some advice: Wear red.”可推斷，穿紅色衣服是條件，用if引導條件狀語從句。故選A。

3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意："通過對一系列體育項目的研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)穿紅色衣服通常意味著更高的獲勝可能性。"英格蘭杜倫大學的拉塞爾·A·希爾和羅伯特·A·巴頓說。A. list名單；B. range范圍；C. bunch一束；    D. reach區(qū)域。根據(jù)下文“we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning”可推斷，研究了一系列運動，得出結(jié)論。a range of“一系列；一些”是固定短語。故選B。

4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在本周四出版的《自然》雜志上。A. issue（報刊）期號；B. report報告；C. magazine雜志；D. story故事。根據(jù)下文“the journal Nature”可知，此處說的是發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表在周四的《自然》雜志期刊上。故選A。

5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：紅色與情感有聯(lián)系。A. regarded認為；B. treated對待；C. come來；D. associated聯(lián)系。根據(jù)下文“When people get ___6___, their faces turn red.”可推斷，紅色與情感有聯(lián)系，當人們憤怒時，他們的臉會漲得通紅。be associated with“與……有關”。故選D。

6．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當人們憤怒時，他們的臉會漲得通紅。A. angry生氣的；B. pleased高興的；C. depressed沮喪的；D. sad傷心的。根據(jù)下文“their faces turn red.”和常識可知，人們生氣的時候，臉會變紅。故選A。

7．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣，紅色也能夠在潛意識上對競爭對手產(chǎn)生威懾作用，尤其當競爭雙方的技巧和力量都不相上下時。A. Naturally自然地；B. Fortunately幸運地；C. Similarly同樣地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)上文“It’s also a reason why stop signs are red.”可知，紅色與情感有關，這也是為什么停車標志被做成紅色的一個原因。因此同樣的，這種顏色對對手也有潛意識的威懾作用。故選C。

8．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣，在體育比賽中，紅色也能夠在潛意識上對競爭對手產(chǎn)生威懾作用，尤其當競爭雙方的技巧和力量都不相上下時。A. on在……上面；B. in在……方面；C. with與……一起；D. to朝，向。根據(jù)下文“athletic contests”并聯(lián)系上文，穿紅色更容易贏得體育比賽可推斷，此處說的是在體育比賽方面。故選B。

9．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. match比賽；B. different不同的；C. equal平等的；D. special特別的。根據(jù)上文的“the color’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents”并結(jié)合常識可推斷，特別是競爭雙方的技巧和力量都不相上下時，紅色對對手有威懾作用。故選C。

10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們的分析中，人類學家們分析了這次夏季奧運會中四項對抗性運動的比賽結(jié)果，它們分別是拳擊、跆拳道、古典式摔跤和自由式摔跤。A. finding發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. explanation解釋；C. survey分析；D. information消息。根據(jù)下文“the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.”，特別是analyze可推斷，此處說的是他們的分析。故選C。

11．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那些賽事中，紅色的護具和運動裝束被隨機分配給運動員們。A. affairs事務，私事；B. events體育賽事；C. incidents事件，事變；D. matters問題。根據(jù)下文“the athletes”可知，此處說的是體育賽事。故選B。

12．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. red紅色的；B. blue藍色的；C. white白色的；D. colorful彩色的。根據(jù)下文“red gear”可知，運動員帶著紅色的護具。故選A。

13．考查動詞和短語辨析。句意：在這四項賽事中，穿紅色防護外套的運動員在21輪比賽中共獲得16次勝利。A. pulling on對……有吸引力；B. putting on上演；C. dressing穿；D. wearing穿戴。根據(jù)上文“the athletes were randomly（隨機地） assigned___12___protective gear and other sportswear.”可知，運動員被隨機分給紅色的防護服，穿戴著紅色護具的運動員在20輪比賽中獲勝16輪。dress表示“穿戴”不能直接跟表示“衣服”的名詞作賓語，需要加介詞in。故選D。

14．考查固定短語辨析。句意：即使在不同重量級的比賽中，紅色產(chǎn)生的效果也是相同的。A. because of因為；B. instead of代替；C. regardless of不管；D. as a result of由于……的結(jié)果。根據(jù)下文“19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.”可推斷，不管什么重量級，效果都是一樣的。故選C。

15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：紅色影響還可能會在集體運動項目中發(fā)揮效力。A. effect影響，效果；B. affect影響；C. result結(jié)果；D. side方面，旁邊。根據(jù)上文“The effect”和下文“come into play in team sports”可推斷，此處說的是紅色的影響，作主語用名詞，affect是動詞。故選A。

16．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：人類學家們還對2004年歐洲國際足球錦標賽做了分析，就各支球隊在不同的比賽中所穿的不同顏色的隊服進行比較。A. on在……上面；B. for為了；C. in在……里面；D. about關于。分析句子可知，which引導定語從句，指代the Euro 2020 International Soccer Tournament，根據(jù)句意，此處說的是在2004年歐洲國際足球錦標賽，用介詞in。故選C。

17．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)有五支球隊在穿紅色基調(diào)的球衣與穿藍色或白色球衣的對手抗衡時，他們的進球和獲勝次數(shù)都增加了。A. completed完成；B. scored得分；C. received收到；D. kept保持。根據(jù)下文“more goals and won more often”可知，此處說的是得分更多。故選B。

18．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. fought斗爭；B. opposed反對；C. competed競爭；D. beat打敗。根據(jù)上文“more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red”與下文“blue or white jerseys”可推斷，此處是穿紅色基調(diào)的球衣的團隊與穿藍色或白色球衣的對抗。as opposed to“與……對抗”是固定短語。故選B。

19．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：科學家們并不很確定穿紅色衣服是如何使運動員獲得優(yōu)勢的。但這種顏色暗含著活力和危險的信號。A. achievement成就；B. chance機會；C. comfort舒適；D. advantage優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)上文“They found that five teams____17____more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as ___18___ to blue or white jerseys.”以及上文內(nèi)容可知，此處說的是穿紅色衣服給予運動員的優(yōu)勢。故選D。

20．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但這種顏色暗含著活力和危險的信號。A. danger危險；B. pleasure快樂；C. surprise驚奇；D. disappointment失望。根據(jù)上文“the color’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents”可推斷，紅色暗含著活力和危險的信號。故選A。

31．A

32．D

33．A

34．C

【分析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章通過實驗和專家觀點表明，乘坐過山車可以幫助腎結(jié)石病人排石，但和過山車種類、病人乘坐時的位置以及結(jié)石的位置有關。

31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney（腎）stone is not. The process is painful and can take a long time.（過山車又快又刺激。但排出痛苦的腎結(jié)石卻不是這樣。這個過程很痛苦，可能需要很長時間）”可知，排出腎結(jié)石會是不舒服的。故選A。

32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.（他說，理想的過山車是顛簸而快速，有一些曲折）”可知，當人們乘坐顛簸而又快速的過山車時，過山車治療（腎結(jié)石的）效果更好。故選D。

33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing.（他說，每年坐一次過山車甚至可以防止結(jié)石的形成）”可知，坐過山車可能可以防止腎結(jié)石的發(fā)展。故選A。

34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could really be used as an effective measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing.（Wartinger認為，坐過山車確實可以作為一種有效的措施。他說，每年坐一次過山車甚至可以防止結(jié)石的形成）”可知，Wartinger對患有腎結(jié)石的人坐過山車持贊成的態(tài)度。故選C。

35．C

36．D

37．C

38．A

【分析】

本文是說明文。熬夜會使你發(fā)胖嗎？越來越多的研究表明，睡眠質(zhì)量差與肥胖風險增加有關。但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是睡眠不足導致肥胖，而是超重導致睡眠質(zhì)量差。研究人員在一種叫做秀麗隱桿線蟲的非常小的蠕蟲中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。

35．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But a new study found that it’s not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep. (但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是睡眠不足導致肥胖，而是超重導致睡眠質(zhì)量差)”可知，新研究關注的是肥胖和睡眠缺失的關系。故選C。

36．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“In humans, people who get fewer than six hours of sleep per night are more likely to be obese. Moreover, starvation in humans, fruit flies, and worms has been shown to affect sleep, indicating that it is regulated, at least in part, by nutrient availability. (對于人類來說，每晚睡眠少于6小時的人更有可能肥胖。此外，人類、果蠅和蠕蟲的饑餓已被證明會影響睡眠，這表明它至少在一定程度上受營養(yǎng)供應的調(diào)節(jié))”可知，饑餓造成的營養(yǎng)供應不足會影響睡眠，所以it指代的是前面的睡眠。故選D。

37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The researchers genetically changed C.elegans to “tum off" a nerve cell that controls sleep. These worms could still eat, breathe, and reproduce, but they lost their ability to sleep.With this nerve cell turned off,the researchers saw a severe drop in ATP levels, which is the body's energy currency. “That suggests that sleep is an attempt to conserve energy; it's not actually causing the loss of energy,” Raizen explained. (研究人員從基因上改變了秀麗隱桿線蟲，使其“關閉”控制睡眠的神經(jīng)細胞。這些蠕蟲仍然可以進食、呼吸和繁殖，但它們失去了睡眠的能力。隨著神經(jīng)細胞的關閉，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)ATP水平嚴重下降，ATP是人體的能量貨幣?！斑@表明睡眠是儲存能量的一種嘗試；它實際上并沒有造成能量的損失，”Raizen解釋道)”可知，研究人員“關閉”秀麗隱桿線蟲的神經(jīng)細胞為了確定睡眠的功能。故選C。

38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But a new study found that it’s not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep. (但一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是睡眠不足導致肥胖，而是超重導致睡眠質(zhì)量差)”可知，根據(jù)研究人員的說法，人們的身體超重，也就是脂肪無法正常釋放這會導致肥胖者的睡眠問題。故選A。

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