成人高考學位英語題型解讀秘籍(四)

成人高考 責任編輯:楊銳頻 2021-04-22

摘要:成人高考學位英語統(tǒng)一考試,是各省市成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生獲得成人學士學位的必備條件之一,如果無法通過學位英語考試,將只能拿到畢業(yè)證,無法拿到“雙證”。為方便大家備考,下面小編給大家整理了?成人高考學位英語題型解讀秘籍(四)。

成人高考學位英語題型解讀秘籍(四)

第七部分 挑錯

一、大綱要求

挑錯測試的是學生掌握詞匯、短語及語法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度。挑錯題的考查形式主要有兩種。一種是單句辨錯,每個句子含有標著 A、B、C、D 的四個畫線部分,其中有一處是錯誤的,要求考生從四個畫線部分中挑出其錯誤的部分。第二種是短文辨錯,要求考生根據(jù)上下文找出短文中的錯誤,并將有錯誤的部分填入答題卡上相應的位置。

二、解題思路

1.單句辨錯

單句辨錯題要求考生挑出錯誤即可,不用改正,難度相對較低。答題步驟為:

①不能只看 4 個選項,應把 4 個選項放在全句中進行考慮,從整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及句意來發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤。

②看句子的主語、謂語及賓語是否完整。

③看時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂次序、介詞搭配是否一致。

④檢查名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞等的用法是否有誤。

⑤答案做好后,再通讀一遍全句,認真檢查、核對答案。

2.短文辨錯

短文辨錯題考查面廣,主要包括語法、詞匯、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯推理以及語篇等知識的綜合運用和辨析??忌⒅貙ξ恼抡w內(nèi)容的理解和把握,分析其中結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的句子,理清內(nèi)在的邏輯關系(如因果、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進等)。答題步驟為:

①通讀整篇短文,把握文章主旨大意。

②逐行細查,逐詞分析。

③通篇檢查,確保準確率。

注意:要了解規(guī)則,規(guī)范答題。特別要注意錯詞和漏詞的做題要求,規(guī)范使用添詞和刪詞符號。

三、考點精析

1.用詞錯誤

(1)名詞

名詞方面常見的錯誤是可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的錯用,名詞單復數(shù)的錯用以及名詞前冠 詞的錯漏,有時還會考查名詞所有格的使用。

【例 1】Try to get as much informations as you can.

【答案】informations→information

【解析】本題考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意:努力收集盡可能多的信息。information 是不可數(shù)名詞,不能加 s。

下面的單詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞:

experience 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)名詞),經(jīng)驗(不可數(shù)名詞)

exercise 練習(可數(shù)名詞),鍛煉(不可數(shù)名詞)

room 房間(可數(shù)名詞),空間(不可數(shù)名詞)

time 倍數(shù)(可數(shù)名詞),時間(不可數(shù)名詞)

部分抽象名詞可與 a/an 連用,此時詞義發(fā)生變化,表示某種事或人。這些詞包括:surprise,pleasure,shock,honour,help,success 等。

(2)動詞

動詞方面常見的錯誤有動詞時態(tài)錯誤、語態(tài)錯誤、主謂不一致、非謂語動詞使用錯誤、動詞搭配不當以及情態(tài)動詞使用錯誤等。

【例 2】We have studied most of the book by the end of last week.

【答案】have→had

【解析】by 后跟表示過去的時間狀語時,對應的時態(tài)應該是過去完成時,因此 have 應該為 had。

常見考點及難點:

①后面只能跟動名詞的動詞和動詞短語:

admit(承認),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考慮),delay(拖延),deny(否認),dislike(不喜歡),enjoy(喜歡),escape(逃跑),excuse(為……辯解),fancy(喜歡), finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mind(介意),miss(錯過),postpone(推遲), practise(練習),suggest(建議),require(需要),risk(冒險)等。

②常見的后面跟動詞不定式的動詞和動詞短語:

afford(能承擔),arrange(安排),apply(申請),choose(選擇),decide(決定), demand(要求),expect(期望),hesitate(猶豫),fail(失敗),long(渴望),manage

(設法),offer(提出要做),prepare(準備),pretend(假裝),promise(允諾),refuse

(拒絕),determine(下決心),try one’s best(努力做),make an attempt(試圖)等。

③既可接動名詞也可接不定式但意義不同的動詞: forget to do/doing sth. 忘記要做某事/忘記做過某事remember to do/doing sth. 記得要做某事/記得做過某事regret to do/doing sth. 對要做的事感到遺憾/后悔做了某事stop to do/doing sth. 停下來做另一件事/停止正在做的事go on do/doing sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事/繼續(xù)做正在做的事

(3)形容詞和副詞

形容詞和副詞方面常見的錯誤表現(xiàn)為形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的誤用,形 容詞和副詞的混用等。

【例 3】This room is twice large than ours.

【答案】large→larger

【解析】本題考查形容詞比較級的應用。句意:這間房比我們房間的兩倍。than 是比較級的標志,形容詞原級要改成比較級。

常見考點:

①quite,so,too 等副詞后+形容詞原級;

much,even,still,far 等副詞+形容詞比較級。

②用比較級表達最高級含義的句式:

A+be+形容詞比較級+than any other+單數(shù)名詞; A+be+形容詞比較級+than the other+復數(shù)名詞。

(4)介詞

介詞方面常見的錯誤多為介詞的誤用、漏用和多用,主要考查考生對介詞基本含義和常 用介詞短語的掌握。

【例 4】We need to be warned with rats.

【答案】with→of

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。句意:我們要當心老鼠。be warned of 為固定短語,意為“當心”。

(5)冠詞

冠詞方面常見的錯誤表現(xiàn)為不定冠詞 a、an 的混用,定冠詞 the 的誤用和漏用,以及定冠詞和不定冠詞的錯用。

【例 5】Her sister, who is an nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.

【答案】an→a

【解析】本題考查冠詞的使用。句意:她的妹妹,一個護士,下周要和醫(yī)院里的一個醫(yī) 生結(jié)婚。nurse 的發(fā)音以輔音開頭,冠詞要用 a。

(6)代詞

代詞方面常見的錯誤多為代詞單復數(shù)形式的誤用、不定代詞的誤用等。

【例 6】The boy was made stay at home doing their homework.

【答案】their→his

【解析】本題屬于人稱代詞誤用。句意:那個男孩被留在家里寫作業(yè)。與 the boy 相對應的物主代詞是 his,故將 their 改為 his。

(7)連詞

連詞方面常見的錯誤表現(xiàn)為并列連詞和從屬連詞的誤用,主要考查考生對句子間邏輯關 系的把握。

【例 7】Though he tried his best, but he failed.

【答案】刪去 but

【解析】本題考查連詞的使用。句意:盡管他盡了最大的努力,但他失敗了。though 和 but 不能同時出現(xiàn)。

2.語法錯誤

(1)動詞的時態(tài)

【例 8】I think he would win the game, but he didn’t.

【答案】think→thought

【解析】本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:我以為他能贏,但是他沒有。句子前后時態(tài)應保 持一致,且句中所說的想法已經(jīng)是過去的事,所以 think 要用過去式。

(2)虛擬語氣

【例9】I suggest that the gril loses some weight.

【答案】loses→lose

【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。句意:我建議那個女孩兒減減肥。suggest 后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”的形式,should 可以省略,故應用 lose 的原形。

(3)被動語態(tài)

【例 10】Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepare in many different ways.

【答案】prepare→prepared

【解析】本題考查被動語態(tài)。句意:玉米是一種很有用的植物,可以被以多種方式利用。

corn 與 prepare 之間是被動關系,故應使用被動語態(tài)。

(4)從句

【例 11】I met a woman in the street whom I thought was Tom’s mother.

【答案】whom→who

【解析】本題考查定語從句的引導詞。句意:我在街上遇見了一個女人,我以為她是

Tom 的母親。先行詞指人,引導詞在從句中作主語,要用 who。

(5)主謂一致

【例 12】Neither we nor he have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way.

【答案】have→has

【解析】本題考查主謂一致。句意:不管是我們,還是他,都沒有料到事情會變成這樣。 在 not only…but also,not…but,neither…nor,either…or,there be…句型中,謂語動詞的選

擇遵循“就近原則”,即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)由相鄰的主語來確定。

當兩個名詞用

with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等連接起來作主語時,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與前面的主語保持一致。本句中謂語動詞應與主語 Jackie 保持一致,故應改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

當 each,neither,either 以及由 every,any,no,some 與 one,body,thing 構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),但 none 作主語時謂語動詞用單復數(shù)都行。另外,當 every, each,no 作定語時,即使用 and 連接兩個主語,謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。

3.語意錯誤

【例 13】I am afraid of taking a bus usually. The awful smell of the bus drives me mad and makes me feel carsick. But today I did feel carsick. I can defeat carsickness finally.

【答案】did→didn’t

【解析】本題考查對文義的理解。上文說“我”害怕坐公共汽車,難聞的味道讓“我”發(fā)瘋,使“我”頭暈。下文說“我”終于克服了暈車。所以這里有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,此處的 did 要改為 didn’t。

第八部分 寫作

一、萬能句子

(一)段首句

1.關于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……

There are different opinions among people as to() . Some people believe that (). 

 2.俗話說(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場合仍然適用。

There is an old saying(). It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.

3.現(xiàn)在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先,……。其次,……。更

為糟糕的是……

Today, (), which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, (). Second,(). What makes things worse is that ().

4.現(xiàn)在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因為……,另外(而且)……

Nowadays, it is common to() . Many people like()because() . Besides,().

5 任何事物都有兩面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides() and is not an exception, and it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.關于……人們的觀點各不相同,一些人認為(說)……,在他們看來,……

People’s opinions about ()vary from person to person. Some people say that() .To them,() .

7.人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……,這個問題變得越來越嚴重。

Man is now facing a big problem ()which is becoming more and more serious.

 8.……已成為人們關注的熱門話題,特別是在年輕人當中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

()has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用,它給我們帶來了許多好處,但同時 也引發(fā)一些嚴重的問題。

()has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根據(jù)表格/圖表/條形圖/線形圖中的數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比可以看出……。很顯然……,但是為什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that() . Obviously,() , but why?

(二)中間段落句

1.相反,有一些人贊成……,而且,他們認為……

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of() . At the same time, they say().

2.但是,我認為這不是解決……的好辦法,比如……。最糟糕的是……

But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve() . For example, (). Worst of all,().

3.……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而 且……,最重要的是……

()is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First,(). What’s more, (). Above all,().

4.有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先,我們可以……

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can() .

5.面臨……,我們應該采取一系列行之有效的的方法來……。一方面……,另一方面…… Confronted with , we should take a series of effective measures to(). Forone thing, (). For another,().

6.早就應該拿出行動了。比如說……,另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……

It is high time that something was done about it. For example, (). In addition,() .

All these measures will certainly() .

7.為什么……?第一個原因是……;第二個原因是……:第三個原因是……??偟膩?說……的主要原因是……

Why()? The first reason is that (). The second reason is that() . The third is that (). For all these, is mainly due to .

8.然面,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣,……也有它的不利的一面,像……

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides(), also has its own

disadvantages, such as ().

9.盡管如此,我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ()is more advantageous.

10.我完全同意……這種觀點,主要理由如下:

()I fully agree with the statement that()

(三)結(jié)尾句

1.至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點,我認為……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ()

2.總而言之,整個社會應該密切關注……這個問題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來…… 

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of (). Only inthis way can we()in the future.

3.隨著社會的發(fā)展,……因此,迫切需要……。如果每個人都愿為社會頁獻自己的一份 力量,這個社會將會變得越來越好。

With the development of society,(). So it’s urgent and necessary to() .

 If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

4.至于我(對我來說,就我而言),我認為……更合理。只有這樣,我們才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to() . Only in this way can we().

5.依我看,有必要……。原因如下:第一,……;第二,……;最后但同樣重要的是…… 

In my opinion, it is necessary to(). The reasons are as follows. First, ()  . Second, () . Last but not least,  ().

6.在總體上很難說……是好還是壞,因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。然而,就 我個人而言,我發(fā)現(xiàn)……

It is difficult to say whether ()is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of() . However, from a personal point of view, I find().

7.綜上所述,我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that().

8.如果我們不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了這種趨勢,就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我們應該做的是……

If we don’t take useful means, we may not be able to control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is () .

二、寫作模板

(一)英語書信的常見寫作模板開頭部分:

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

結(jié)尾部分:

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

(二)口頭通知常見寫作模板稱呼語及開場白部分:

Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

正文部分:

All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.

結(jié)束語部分:

Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.

(三)議論文模板

1.正反觀點式議論文模板導入:

第 1 段: Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(導入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點有分歧)

正文:

第 2 段: Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點)

Here are the reasons. First..Second...Finally...(列出 2~3 個贊成的理由) 第 3 段: However, the others are strongly against it.(反方觀點)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出 2~3 個反對的理由)

結(jié)論:

第 4 段 : Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it.(個人觀點)

2.“A 或者 B”類議論文模板導入:

第 1 段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文:

第 2 段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(贊同 A 的原因)

第 3 段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出 1~2 個 B 的優(yōu)勢) 結(jié)論:

第 4 段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出結(jié)論)

3.觀點論述類議論文模板導入:

第 1 段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個決定作為議論的話題

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的觀點是贊成還是反對) The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(過渡句,承上啟下)

正文:

第 2 段: First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出 2~3 個贊成或反對的理由) 結(jié)論:

第 3 段: In conclusion, I believe that...(照應第 1 段,構(gòu)成“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)) 4.“ How lo”類議論文模板

導入:

第 1 段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題正文:

第 2 段 : Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be more effective. First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出 2~3 個解決此類問題的辦法)

結(jié)論:

第 3 段 : These are not the best but only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(強調(diào)解決此類問題的根本方法)

(四)圖表作文寫作模板

The chart gives us an overall picture of the(圖表主題). The first thing we notice is that(圖表最大特點) .This means that(進一步說明).

We can see from the statistics given that(圖表細節(jié)一). After v-ing(細節(jié)一中的第一個變化), the v-ed+幅度+時間(緊跟著的變化). The figures also tell us that(圖表細節(jié)二). In the column, we can see that accounts for(進一步描述).

Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that( 結(jié) 論 ). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(給出原因)./ It is high time that we(發(fā)出倡議).

(五)圖畫類寫作模板開頭:

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

銜接句:

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that..../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

結(jié)尾句:

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...

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