摘要:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還有一個(gè)很重要的用法,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測······
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的三種句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),can,could(可能),might /may(也許,或許)。
(1)He must/can/may,might know the answer to this question.
他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問題的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能),may not/might not(可能不)。
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
這不可能是校長,他去美國了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist.
他也許不認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。
3.疑問句中用can/could (能……?)。
(1)Could he have finished the task?
他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎?
(2)Can he be at home now?
他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎?
注:以上三種句式中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might,could并非may,can的過去式,而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的三種時(shí)態(tài)
1.對(duì)將來情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.
5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也許會(huì)在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。
2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be”,“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony
布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí),這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢?
3.對(duì)過去情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過去分詞”。
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地濕了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
門鎖著,他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book?
難道他找到書了嗎?
注:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should /ought to表推測時(shí),意為“想必會(huì),理應(yīng)……”但與“have +過去分詞”連用時(shí),則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如:
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了,杰克理應(yīng)隨時(shí)到達(dá)。(推測)
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party,but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虛擬)
她本該出席你的生日晚會(huì)的,可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm. (虛擬)
湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密,可是他并無惡意。
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